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black is beautiful
Black is beautiful is a cultural movement that was started in the United States of America in the 1960s by African Americans. It later spread to much of the black world, most prominently in the writings of the Black Consciousness Movement of Steve Biko in South Africa. It aims to dispel the notion in many world cultures that black people's natural features such as skin color, facial features and hair are inherently ugly.〔(Some notes on the BLACK CULTURAL MOVEMENT )〕 John Stewart Rock was long thought to be the first to coin the phrase "black is beautiful"–during a speech in 1858–but historical records indicate he never actually used the specific phrase on that day.〔''The Journal of Negro History'', Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,Vol.54,No. 4 (Oct., 1969)pp. 405-406〕 The movement also encouraged men and women to stop trying to eliminate African-identified traits by straightening their hair and attempting to lighten or bleach their skin.〔(Jamaica Says Black Is Beautiful )〕
This movement began in an effort to counteract the prevailing idea in American culture that features typical of "Blacks" were less attractive or desirable than those of "Whites". Research indicates that the idea of "blackness" being ugly is highly damaging to the psyche of African Americans, manifesting itself as internalized racism.〔(Key Issues in Postcolonial Feminism: A Western Perspective ) by Chris Weedon, Cardiff University In her novel ''The Bluest Eye'' (1970), Toni Morrison depicts the effects of the legacy of 19th century racism for poor black people in the United States. The novel tells of how the daughter of a poor black family, Pecola Breedlove, internalizes white standards of beauty to the point where she goes mad. Her fervent wish for blue eyes comes to stand for her wish to escape the poor, unloving, racist environment in which she lives. 〕 This idea made its way into black communities themselves〔''"Black is Beautiful" and the Color Preferences of Afro-American Youth'' - Claud Anderson, Rue L. Cromwell, ''The Journal of Negro Education'', Vol. 46, No. 1 (Winter, 1977), pp. 76-88 〕 and led to practices such as paper bag parties: social events which discriminated against dark-skinned African-Americans by only admitting lighter-skinned individuals.
==Cultural influence==
In 1968, inspired by the slogan, the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations (NACHO) adopted the slogan "Gay Is Good".〔Kameny, collected in Blasius and Phelan, p. 374〕
Also the name of a disc "Black is beautiful" (Windmill, 1974), which contains "the very best of recent hits and has been specially recorded by Windmill as a tribute to these great singers and their songs".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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